# Additional Status Codes

By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using a `JSONResponse`, putting the content you return from your _path operation_ inside of that `JSONResponse`.

It will use the default status code or the one you set in your _path operation_.

## Additional status codes

If you want to return additional status codes apart from the main one, you can do that by returning a `Response` directly, like a `JSONResponse`, and set the additional status code directly.

For example, let's say that you want to have a _path operation_ that allows updating items, and returns HTTP status codes of 200 "OK" when successful.

But you also want it to accept new items. And when the items didn't exist before, it creates them, and returns an HTTP status code of 201 "Created".

To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly, setting the `status_code` that you want:

```python
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, status
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse

app = FastAPI()

items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "size": 3}}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def upsert_item(
    item_id: str,
    name: Annotated[str | None, Body()] = None,
    size: Annotated[int | None, Body()] = None,
):
    if item_id in items:
        item = items[item_id]
        item["name"] = name
        item["size"] = size
        return item
    else:
        item = {"name": name, "size": size}
        items[item_id] = item
        return JSONResponse(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, content=item)
```

:::callout{intent="warning"}
When you return a `Response` directly, like in the example above, it will be returned directly.

It won't be serialized with a model, etc.

Make sure it has the data you want it to have, and that the values are valid JSON (if you are using `JSONResponse`).
:::

:::callout{intent="note" title="Technical Details"}
You could also use `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette. The same with `status`.
:::

## OpenAPI and API docs

If you return additional status codes and responses directly, they won't be included in the OpenAPI schema (the API docs), because FastAPI doesn't have a way to know beforehand what you are going to return.

But you can document that in your code, using: [Additional Responses](/guides/advanced-user-guide-additional-responses).

## Related pages

- [About](./about-index.md)
- [Advanced User Guide](./advanced-user-guide-index.md)
- [Deployment](./deployment-index.md)
- [FastAPI](./fastapi-index.md)
- [FastAPI Docs](../index.md)
- [Features](./features-index.md)
- [How To - Recipes](./how-to-recipes-index.md)
- [Learn](./learn-index.md)
- [More](./more-index.md)
- [OpenAPI](./openapi-index.md)

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